Search results for "Pinus sylvestris"
showing 10 items of 21 documents
Ecological conditions alter cooperative behaviour and its costs in a chemically defended sawfly
2018
The evolution of cooperation and social behaviour is often studied in isolation from the ecology of organisms. Yet, the selective environment under which individuals evolve is much more complex in nature, consisting of ecological and abiotic interactions in addition to social ones. Here, we measured the life-history costs of cooperative chemical defence in a gregarious social herbivore, Diprion pini pine sawfly larvae, and how these costs vary under different ecological conditions. We ran a rearing experiment where we manipulated diet (resin content) and attack intensity by repeatedly harassing larvae to produce a chemical defence. We show that forcing individuals to allocate more to coope…
Phytotoxic Effects of Commercial Eucalyptus citriodora, Lavandula angustifolia, and Pinus sylvestris Essential Oils on Weeds, Crops, and Invasive Spe…
2019
Background: essential oils are well known for their pharmacological effectiveness as well as their repellent, insecticide, and herbicide activities. The emergence of resistant weeds, due to the overuse of synthetic herbicides, makes it necessary to find natural alternatives for weed control. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytotoxic effects of Eucalyptus citriodora, Lavandula angustifolia, and Pinus sylvestris, three common commercial essential oils, on weeds (Portulaca oleracea, Lolium multiflorum, and Echinochloa crus-galli), food crops (tomato and cucumber), and the invasive species Nicotiana glauca. Methods: to determine herbicidal effects, essential oils were tested at diffe…
Effects of local forest continuity on the diversity of fungi on standing dead pines
2018
Human-induced fragmentation affects forest continuity, i.e. availability of a suitable habitat for the target species over a time period. The dependence of wood-inhabiting fungi on landscape level continuity has been well demonstrated, but the importance of local continuity has remained controversial. In this study, we explored the effects of local forest continuity (microhabitat and stand level) on the diversity of wood-inhabiting fungi on standing dead trunks of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). We studied species richness and community composition of decomposers and Micarea lichens on 70 trunks in 14 forests in central Finland that differed in their state of continuity. We used dendrochr…
Toxicological and bioactivity evaluation of blackcurrant press cake, sea buckthorn leaves and bark from Scots pine and Norway spruce extracts under a…
2021
Aqueous extracts from blackcurrant press cake (BC), Norway spruce bark (NS), Scots pine bark (SP), and sea buckthorn leaves (SB) were obtained using maceration and pressurized hot water and tested for their bioactivities. Maceration provided the extraction of higher dry matter contents, including total phenolics (TPC), anthocyanins, and condensed tannins, which also impacted higher antioxidant activity. NS and SB extracts presented the highest mean values of TPC and antioxidant activity. Individually, NS extract presented high contents of proanthocyanidins, resveratrol, and some phenolic acids. In contrast, SB contained a high concentration of ellagitannins, ellagic acid, and quercetin, exp…
Parastās priedes radiālā pieauguma parametriska analīze vides izmaiņu noteikšanai
2013
Elektroniskā versija nesatur pielikumus
Assessment of the Mass and Surface Area of the Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Needles
2022
The assessment of the surface area of all leaves from a tree crown is regarded as one of the key parameters in scaling ecophysiological processes, such as growth, carbon budget, and water management. The purpose of this study was to investigate the variation of the mass and surface area of Scots pine needles, obtained from trees growing in the same habitat conditions but at different stock densities, therefore occupying different biosocial positions. The mass of needles and the leaf area index (LAI) were determined for an even-aged 33-year-old Scots pine stand located at a fresh mixed coniferous forest site in southwest Poland (50°32′ N; 17°42′ E). The needles, collected…
Phlebiopsis gigantea attīstība un antagonisms pret Heterobasidion spp. parastās egles un priedes koksnē
2018
Pētījuma mēķis bija analizēt celmu apstrādes kvalitāti un P. gigantea attīstību egļu celmos, un novērtēt P. gigantea suspensijas koncentrācijas ietekmi uz sēnes attīstību skuju koku koksnē. Apstrādes kvalitātei ar P. gigantea ir noteicoša loma egļu celmu aizsardzībā. Eksperimentā novērtēja celmu virsmas pārklājumu ar preparātu ‘Rotstop’ un P. gigantea attīstību atkarībā no apstrādē izmantoto caurumiņu diametra zāģa sliedē. Celmu apstrāde veikta izmantojot četras zāģa sliedes ar izurbtiem atšķirīga izmēra caurumiņiem, un standarta zāģa sliedi no ražotāja. Pēc gada no celmiem ievākti un analizēti paraugi. Urbumu diametrs būtiski neietekmēja P. gigantea aizņemto laukumu celmos. P. gigantea att…
Characterization of lignin dissolved during alkaline pretreatment of softwood and hardwood
2015
Various alkaline pretreatments were applied to Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and silver/white birch (Betula pendula/pubescens) wood chips and the characterization of sulfur-free lignin dissolved was performed. The behavior of lignin during these pretreatments (alkali charge 1–8% NaOH, time 30–120 minutes, and temperature 130–150°C) was studied mainly in terms of lignin removal efficiency and molar mass distribution of dissolved lignin. The amount of lignin in pretreatment liquors increased along with an increase in the alkali charge of 0.8–4.4% and 0.6–3.4% of o.d. pine and birch wood, respectively. The most significant parameter affecting the molar mass of the dissolved lignin was shown to…
Pacilās vai vagās stādīto priedes (Pinus sylvestris) un egles (Picea abies) stādu agrīnā attīstība āreņos un citi meža atjaunošanas sekmīgumu ietekmē…
2017
Augsnes sagatavošana ir plaši izmantota prakse parastās egles (Picea abies) un parastās priedes (Pinus sylvestris) audžu atjaunošanā. Visplašāk izmantotās augsnes sagatavošanas metodes ir vagu un pacilu izveide, šīs metodes uzlabo stādu augšanu un palielina izdzīvojušo stādu skaitu salīdzinājumā ar neapstrādātu augsni. Neskatoties uz šo augsnes sagatavošanas veidu plašo pielietojumu mežu atjaunošanā Latvijā, līdz šim nebija veikti pētījumi, kas salīdzinātu vagu un pacilu sekmību āreņu tipa mežos. Pētījums tika veikts 2016. gadā, periodā no jūlija beigām līdz augusta beigām. Apsekotās audzes bija atjaunotas pirms viena līdz trīs gadiem. Mērķis bija noskaidrot, kurš no apstrādes veidiem snieg…
Celmeņu Armillaria spp. dzīvotspēja un patogenitāte Latvijas izcelsmes priežu Pinus sylvestris un egļu Picea abies stādos
2017
Celmeņu Armillaria spp. ģints sēņu izraisītā sakņu trupe ir iemesls ievērojamiem mežsaimnieciskajiem zaudējumiem. Darbā analizēta Armillaria solidipes, A. cepistipes un A. borealis dzīvotspēja, izplatīšanās potenciāls un patogenitāte 5-6 gadus vecos parasto priežu (563 gab.) un parasto egļu (350 gab.) stādos. Armillaria spp. inokulātu attīstība novērota stādu audzēšanai paredzētajā kūdras substrātā. Novērojumus priežu un egļu stādiem veica pēc attiecīgi 12 un 15 mēnešiem. Patogēna dzīvotspēja bija atkarīga no tā sugas: A. cepistipes būtiski augstāka, bet A. solidipes viszemākā. Augstāko izplatīšanās potenciālu konstatēja A. cepistipes, bet viszemāko A. solidipes. Visas trīs Armillaria sugas…